Written By: Camryn Keeble
Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma Prognosis
Patients diagnosed with sarcomatoid mesothelioma are often given a prognosis, which is a prediction of the disease’s outcome. The prognosis helps the patient understand the status of the cancer, as in how much it has spread, how fast it will continue to spread, potential treatment options and an estimated length of survival. Unfortunately, the prognosis for sarcomatoid mesothelioma is often poor.
Medically Reviewed By
Karen Ritter, RN BSN
Registered Nurse
Medically Reviewed By
Karen Ritter, RN BSN
Registered Nurse
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Important Facts About Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma Prognosis
- A mesothelioma prognosis is given to patients by a mesothelioma specialist. The prognosis is based on a few factors, including the cell type (epithelioid, sarcomatoid or biphasic).
- Sarcomatoid mesothelioma has the poorest prognosis of the three cell types. The appearance of the cells is unique, and they spread quickly and aggressively. Sarcomatoid mesothelioma tumors are difficult to identify and remove, which makes surgery a limited treatment option.
- A sarcomatoid mesothelioma prognosis is not an exact declaration of the patient’s life expectancy. Many patients far outlive their prognosis due to successful treatments, lifestyle changes and more.
What Is a Prognosis for Mesothelioma?
A prognosis for mesothelioma is a medical prediction of the cancer’s outcome. When specialists provide a mesothelioma prognosis, they will give insight into how they expect the cancer will progress and how fast it will spread.
This prediction is not a precise science and is used to set patient expectations. A prognosis for a specific type of cancer is usually based on historical data from past cases with similar characteristics: stage, age, overall health and treatment plan.
What Is the Usual Prognosis for Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma?
Sarcomatoid mesothelioma has the worst outcome and survival rate of the other mesothelioma cell types. The average prognosis for sarcomatoid mesothelioma ranges from 5-13 months, depending on the treatments used, whether it’s peritoneal or pleural mesothelioma and the patient’s overall health at the time of diagnosis.
According to a study published in Clinical Lung Cancer, the median survival rate for sarcomatoid mesothelioma patients who do not undergo treatment is less than six months. However, if the disease is diagnosed at an early stage, and the patient meets the surgical and treatment criteria, then their postoperative life expectancy increases to an average of 11.2 months.
There have been studies conducted to analyze the average survival for patients with sarcomatoid mesothelioma, and the results are rather consistent. One study reports a median survival of 6 months for sarcomatoid mesothelioma patients, while another reports a survival of 5.8 months. Two other studies report median survival for sarcomatoid mesothelioma as 5.5 months and 5.3 months.
Sarcomatoid mesothelioma is the least common cell type. Only 20% of all mesothelioma cases result in a sarcomatoid mesothelioma diagnosis.
Sarcomatoid mesothelioma has a poor prognosis due to the aggressive and unpredictable nature of this cell type. Sarcomatoid mesothelioma cells have an abnormal appearance and are often difficult to differentiate from healthy tissue. They also grow and spread quicker than other cell types.
Sarcomatoid cells are long, narrow and shaped like ovals. They also have enlarged, elongated nuclei and could even have more than one nucleus. These cells can also have a different appearance from one another, which makes them unpredictable and difficult to remove.
Survival Rates for Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma
Sarcomatoid mesothelioma usually has a poor survival rate because it does not respond well to treatment, spreads aggressively, and tumors are difficult to detect or identify.
Fewer than 5% of sarcomatoid mesothelioma patients live for longer than five years. The 1-year survival rate for sarcomatoid mesothelioma is less than 50%.
Survival rates for sarcomatoid mesothelioma can significantly improve with successful treatment or therapy. According to a study published in the National Library of Medicine, sarcomatoid mesothelioma responds positively to immunotherapy treatments, specifically with the combination of nivolumab (Opdivo) and ipilimumab (Yervoy).
The results showed:
- The average survival was 18.1 months with immunotherapy (Opdivo and Yervoy) compared to 14.1 months with chemotherapy treatment.
- The 2-year survival rate was 41% with immunotherapy and 27% with chemotherapy.
Survival Rates by Type of Mesothelioma
The most significant factor contributing to a patient’s sarcomatoid mesothelioma prognosis is where the mesothelioma forms. There are three types of mesothelioma:
- Pleural mesothelioma forms in the pleura, which is the lining of the lungs.
- Peritoneal mesothelioma forms in the peritoneum, which is the lining of the abdominal cavity.
- Pericardial mesothelioma forms in the pericardium, which is a sac around the heart.
Most patients with the sarcomatoid cell type have pleural mesothelioma, which means the cancer forms in the lining of the lungs (pleura). The other type of sarcomatoid mesothelioma forms in the lining of the abdomen (peritoneum). The prognosis is usually more positive for patients with sarcomatoid peritoneal mesothelioma than for patients with sarcomatoid pleural mesothelioma.
According to one study:
- Sarcomatoid pleural mesothelioma patients survived for an average of 8 months.
- Sarcomatoid peritoneal mesothelioma patients survived for approximately 13 months on average.
There is not enough data about sarcomatoid pericardial mesothelioma, as this type of mesothelioma is very rare. Less than 1% of people diagnosed with mesothelioma have pericardial mesothelioma.
Other Factors Affecting a Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma Prognosis
There are a few factors affecting a prognosis for sarcomatoid mesothelioma. The main factors include:
- Stage of mesothelioma
- Treatment options available to the patient
- Age and overall health of the patient
Stage
The stage of sarcomatoid mesothelioma has a huge impact on the prognosis for a patient. Stage 1 is the earliest of the four mesothelioma stages and has the most promising prognosis, although the prognosis is still poor for sarcomatoid mesothelioma. However, early detection of any cancer type can improve a patient’s prognosis because the cancer cells have likely not yet spread or grown significantly.
Stage 4 is the most advanced stage of mesothelioma. Patients diagnosed in this stage usually have a poor prognosis due to the rapid and aggressive growth of this mesothelioma cell type.
Treatment
Sarcomatoid mesothelioma treatment options can significantly affect the patient’s prognosis as treatment options typically improve survival. There are often limited treatment options for sarcomatoid mesothelioma patients due to the rarity and aggressive nature of this cell type.
In most mesothelioma cases, surgery is a primary treatment option. However, sarcomatoid cells can be challenging to identify and remove, so specialists often recommend chemotherapy, immunotherapy, clinical trials, other emerging treatment options or palliative therapies.
A contributing factor to a sarcomatoid mesothelioma prognosis is quality of life. This includes side effects from treatments, recovering from surgery or any potential long-term complications from surgery.
Age and Health
A patient’s advanced age and poor health before a mesothelioma diagnosis can negatively impact their prognosis. The overall health of a patient can expand or limit the treatment options available. Age is not always a factor, but it is sometimes linked to overall health. Many older patients are not healthy enough to undergo surgery or tolerate chemotherapy.
Frequently Asked Questions About Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma Prognosis
What Is the Usual Prognosis for Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma?
Your prognosis for sarcomatoid mesothelioma depends on a few factors, such as your age, overall health, the stage of your mesothelioma, and the treatment options available. A major factor is where the cancer forms. If it forms in the pleura (lining of the lungs), then the prognosis will be different than if it forms in the peritoneum (lining of the abdominal cavity).
What Is the Average Survival for Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma?
The average survival for patients with sarcomatoid mesothelioma is 8 months if they have pleural mesothelioma and 13 months if they have peritoneal mesothelioma. Sarcomatoid mesothelioma has the poorest prognosis of the three cell types (epithelioid, sarcomatoid and biphasic).
Sources & Author
- Presentation, initial evaluation, and prognosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma. UpToDate. Retrieved from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/presentation-initial-evaluation-and-prognosis-of-malignant-pleural-mesothelioma?topicRef=4625&source=see_link. Accessed: 04/17/19.
- Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: Epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and staging. UpToDate. Retrieved from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/malignant-peritoneal-mesothelioma-epidemiology-risk-factors-clinical-presentation-diagnosis-and-staging. Accessed: 12/16/19.
- Malignant mesothelioma. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2652430/. Accessed: 10/04/19.
- Sarcomatoid mesothelioma: future advances in diagnosis, biomolecular assessment, and therapeutic options in a poor-outcome disease. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26108245/. Accessed: 08/16/2023.
- Survival by Histologic Subtype of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma and the Impact of Surgical Resection on Overall Survival. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30224273/. Accessed: 08/16/2023.
- Sarcomatoid mesothelioma: a clinical–pathologic correlation of 326 cases. Modern Pathology. Retrieved from: https://www.nature.com/articles/modpathol2009180. Accessed: 08/17/2023.
- Sarcomatoid mesothelioma: unusual findings and literature review. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9675762/. Accessed: 08/17/2023.
AI Summary of Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma Prognosis
People diagnosed with sarcomatoid mesothelioma are often given a prognosis, which is an estimate of how the disease may progress and what the future might hold. This prognosis can provide valuable insight into how much the cancer has spread, how quickly it may grow, available treatment options, and an estimated timeframe for survival. However, it is important to remember that prognosis predictions are not exact and can vary greatly among individuals. Sarcomatoid mesothelioma generally has a very aggressive nature, making it more difficult to treat successfully and often leading to a poorer outlook compared to other forms of mesothelioma.
The prognosis for sarcomatoid mesothelioma is usually considered poor because the cells tend to grow rapidly and spread aggressively. Most patients with this cell type may survive only a few months after diagnosis, with median survival times generally around five to thirteen months. Without treatment, survival is often less than six months. Even with treatment, the prognosis remains challenging; however, some therapies, particularly emerging immunotherapies, have shown the potential to extend survival, with some patients living over a year. The ability to respond to treatment depends on many factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis, the patient’s overall health, and the specific location of the cancer.
The location where the cancer develops also influences prognosis. The most common form involves the lining of the lungs, known as pleural mesothelioma, which tends to have a less favorable outlook. In contrast, sarcomatoid mesothelioma occurring in the abdominal lining, called peritoneal mesothelioma, tends to have a slightly better prognosis, with longer survival times on average. The size, spread, and how early the disease is detected all play critical roles. Earlier detection, when the disease is still localized, offers the best chance for a better outlook, although this remains challenging due to the disease's aggressive nature and subtle early symptoms.
Other factors that can affect prognosis include the patient's age and overall health. Younger and healthier individuals may have more treatment options available and tolerate therapies better, potentially improving outlooks slightly. Conversely, older patients or those with other health issues may find it more difficult to undergo aggressive treatments. Overall, understanding the prognosis of sarcomatoid mesothelioma helps patients and their families prepare and make informed decisions about their care. Nonetheless, each case is unique, and many patients outlive doctors’ initial predictions through advances in treatment and supportive care, emphasizing the importance of personalized medical guidance and ongoing research in this field.